Molokaʻi: the leper colony

Molokaʻi is known as the long time residence of Father Damien de Veuster, a Belgian priest and canonized Roman Catholic saint who cared for sufferers of Hansen's Disease, also known as leprosy. Historically, a small north shore colony on Molokaʻi, Kalaupapa, was a refuge for sufferers of Hansen's Disease, but there are no active cases of Hansen's Disease on Molokaʻi today. Those who continue to live in the settlement are patients who chose to stay after the segregation policy was lifted in 1969.

Molokaʻi is built from two distinct shield volcanoes known as East Molokaʻi and the much smaller West Molokaʻi. The highest point is Kamakou on East Molokaʻi, at 4,970 feet (1,510 m). East Molokaʻi volcano, like the Koʻolau Range on Oʻahu, is today only what remains standing of the southern half of the original mountain. The northern half suffered a catastrophic collapse about 1.5 million years ago and now lies as a debris field scattered northward across the Pacific Ocean bottom, while what remains on the island are the highest sea cliffs in the world. Views of these sea cliffs are presented in the movie Jurassic Park III. The south shore of Molokaʻi boasts the longest fringing reef in the U.S. and its holdings—nearly 25 miles (40 km) long.

Haleakalā

Haleakalā or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25 % of the island is formed by the West Maui Mountains.



Early Hawaiians applied the name Haleakalā ("house of the sun") to the general mountain. Haleakalā is also the name of a peak on the south western edge of Kaupō Gap. In Hawaiian folklore, the depression at the summit of Haleakalā was home to the grandmother of the demigod Māui. According to the legend, Māui's grandmother helped him capture the sun and force it to slow its journey across the sky in order to lengthen the day.

The tallest peak of Haleakalā, at 10,023 feet (3,055 m), is Puʻu ʻUlaʻula (Red Hill). From the summit one looks down into a massive depression some 11.25 km (7 mi) across, 3.2 km (2 mi) wide, and nearly 800 m (2,600 ft) deep. The surrounding walls are steep and the interior mostly barren-looking with a scattering of volcanic cones.

Until recently, East Maui Volcano was thought to have last erupted around 1790, based largely on comparisons of maps made during the voyages of La Perouse and George Vancouver. Recent advanced dating tests, however, have shown that the last eruption was more likely to have been in the 17th century. These last flows from the southwest rift zone of Haleakalā make up the large lava deposits of the Ahihi Kina`u/La Perouse Bay area of South Maui. In addition, contrary to popular belief, Haleakalā "crater" is not volcanic in origin, nor can it accurately be called a caldera (which is formed through when the summit of a volcano collapses to form a depression). Rather, scientists believe that Haleakalā's "crater" was formed when the headwalls of two large erosional valleys merged at the summit of the volcano. These valleys formed the two large gaps — Koʻolau on the north side and Kaupō on the south — on either side of the depression.

Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea is a Volcano on the island of Hawaii. With and elevation of 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above sea level, its peak is the highest point Hawaii. However, much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over 10,000 m (33,000 ft) tall—significantly taller than Mount Everest. Mauna Kea is about a million years old, and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes; contributing factors include the construction of cinder cones, the decentralization of its rift zones, the glaciation on its peak, and the weathering effects of the prevailing trade winds. Mauna Kea last erupted 4,000 to 6,000 years ago.

In Hawaiian mythology, the peaks of the island of Hawaii are sacred, and Mauna Kea is the most sacred of all. An ancient law allowed only high-ranking tribal chiefs to visit its peak. Ancient Hawaiians living on the slopes of Mauna Kea relied on its extensive forests for food, and quarried the dense volcano-glacial basalts on its flanks for tool production. When Europeans arrived in the late 18th century, settlers introduced cattle, sheep and game animals, many of which became feral and began to damage the mountain's ecology.

Mauna Kea can be ecologically divided into three sections: an alpine climate at its summit, a Sophora chrysophylla–Myoporum sandwicense (or māmane–naio) forest on its flanks, and an Acacia koa–Metrosideros polymorpha (or koa–ʻōhiʻa) forest, now mostly cleared by the former sugar industry, at its base. In recent years, concern over the vulnerability of the native species has led to court cases that have forced the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources to eradicate all feral species on the mountain.

With its high altitude, dry environment, and stable airflow, Mauna Kea's summit is one of the best sites in the world for astronomical observation. Since the creation of an access road in 1964, thirteen telescopes funded by eleven countries have been constructed at the summit. The Mauna Kea Observatories are used for scientific research across the electromagnetic spectrum from visible light to radio, and comprise the largest such facility in the world. Their construction on a "sacred landscape" continues to be a topic of debate. Studies are underway to determine their effect on the summit ecology, particularly on the rare Wēkiu bug

The US was close.....

Yesterday was the final game for the Fifa World cup. The US Played, but the lost to Japan on penalty kicks. The road to the final game went as is:

Jun 28: USA: 2-0 PRK
Jul 02: USA: 3-0 COL
Jul 06: USA: 1-2 SWE

Quarterfinals: USA 5-3 BRA (PSO)

Semi-Finals: USA 3-1 FRA

Finals: USA 1-3 Japan (PSO)

It was unfortunate that the US lost, but it was a rare moment of joy that the Japanese team won despite all the recent events.

Camp Pupukea

The previous week I went camping at a Boy Scoutcamp on the North Shore called Camp Pupukea.



A former military training, area, Camp Pupukea is roughly a one hour drive from Waikiki, the North Shore has more than 7 miles, of beaches and during the summer waves subside creating the perfect spot for swimming, sunbathing, and Scout Camp. The facility offers central dining, a shooting sports range and eleven Troop campsites with water, latrines and conveniently located showers. Troop participate in a traditional merit badge program with several special programs. The purpose of the Camp Pupukea is to serve the needs of each Scout by providing a quality opportunity for Scouts to learn within a safe and supportive environment and to serve the members of the Aloha Council by continually improving the quality of our product through management and leadership dedicated to excellence. Among the many merit badges offered are Swimming, Nature, Forestry, Emerdency Preparedness, Life Saving, Shotgun, Archery, and First Aid. The Camp was a lot of fun, and i hope to go back next year.



The Lion King: The Musical

Our family last night went out and saw the Broadway version of this Disney movie. 

What sets this musical apart from any other is the special effects. The special effects where extraordinary for the circumstances, and it was interesting to watch how the show transformed a human into each and every animal. My personal favorites were the cheetahs, hyenas, and the tigers and how their masks extend when the actors bend over. I also liked Zazu and Timon and how they were acted out. Another interesting thing that was done was how birds were shown flying. Birds were stuck on sticks and waved around to portray flying. 

Featuring music by Elton John and lyrics by Tim Rice, this family show is full of wit and humor for all ages. For example, in the movie the Royal Advisor Zazu is an annoying character, whereas in the musical he is transformed into a very humorous character that entertained the crowd during the scene changes.